As a food additive, shellac is recognized as safe in the food and drug administration inactive ingredients guide and has an enumber e904, it is. Pdf on jan 1, 2008, uma shankar and others published discovery of lac insects laccifer lacca opens new era of integrated rural development in jammu. The % yields of roselle and lac from the extraction. Economically important plant families palomar college. The lac insects live in cavities or cells made in the resin or lac secreted by them on their host plant. In fact, the name shellac comes from the sanskrit word, laksha. Entomology questions daily quiz 142 agri exam study. The main constituents of these extracts are two anthocyanins, delphinidin3sambubioside and cyanidin3sambubioside, and anthraquinones in the form of laccaic acids. It is one of the most valuable gifts of nature to man and only known natural commercial resin of animal origin. The alimentary canal, its appendages, salivary glands and. Recent advances in the use of animalsourced gelatine as. Laccifer lacca kerr being an economically important coccid. Lac is the resinous secretion of a number of species of lac insects, of which the most commonly cultivated is kerria lacca cultivation begins when a farmer gets a stick that contains eggs ready to hatch and ties it to the tree to be infested. Cytological studies of the indian lac insect kerria lacca kerr resulted in contrary reports suggesting two quite distinct chromosome systems, the orthodox and the unorthodox.
It is stated to be thesource of thegumlac, and to occur by the. In conclusion, our results suggested being the first report for isolation of laccaic acida from laccifer lacca. Coccoidea, the lac insect, in india in the late 18th century. Morphology, life cycle and economic uses of laccifer lacca nature. The main constituents are derivatives of anthraquinone, named laccaic acid a, b, c, and e. Luk laccifer lacca is one of the most valuable gifts of nature to man. Orange shellac unbleached agricultural marketing service. Article full text enhanced pdf format, 74752 bytes. Lac is a natural commercial resin of animal origin. There are six genera of lac insects, of which five secrete lac and only one, i. Larvae in this stage crawl along the branches of their host plants and feed on the phloem. Various management practices for these pests are discussed in this paper. Laksha learn about a great herb for healing the nerves.
On the internal anatomy of the male lac insect, laccifer lacca kerr homoptera, coccidze awadh behari misra d. Lac natural dye is a red color product obtained from female insect coccus laccae laccifer lacca kerr. Pdf methods of processing of lac laccifer lacca kerr described. Negi skip to main content we use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Details a supplementary list of the host plants of lac. It is found in tropical or subtropical regions on banyan and other plants. Laclakh or laksha is a resin and wax mixture secretion from the scale insects as a hard protective covering. Economic importance of insects university of dhaka. Lac resin is a complex straight chain hydroxyl fatty acids such as butolic acid, aleuritic acid, jalaric acid, shellolic acid, laccishellolic acid etc having c14 to c18 carbon chain. On the internal anatomy of the female lac insect, laccifer lacca kerr homoptera. Eurl evaluation report on the analytical methods submitted. The life cycle of this scale insect proceeds with the first instar of the larval stages, which are known as crawlers. Lac is the scarlet resinous secretion of a number of species of lac insects, of which the most commonly cultivated species is kerria lacca and laccifer lacca india. Share your knowledge share your word file share your pdf file share your ppt file.
The first scientific account of the lac insect was given by j. Methods of processing of lac laccifer lacca kerr described. The applicant states that the purity criteria set in the commission directive 200884ec for shellac as food additive are applicable also for the same product as a feed additive 2. Entomology questions daily quizzes sugarcane questions agricultural study quiz questions agriculture courses, assistant agriculture officer. Pdf abstract unani and arab 7001200 ad physicians wrote about the medicinal properties of lac in their books. Shellac is a nontoxic, natural finish, produced from processed resin, that is secreted from the forest inhabiting insect, laccifer lacca, found from india to the far east. Purple disodium salt, sea snail product or coal tar, laccifer lacca bug carcass violet disodium salt, sea snail product or coal tar, sapan plant pink disodium salt, sapan plant yellow coal tar 4, turmeric or butea monosperma plant light green sea snail product or coal tar, coal tar 1, turmeric.
Kerr in 1782 classification of lac insect phylum arthropoda class insecta order hemiptera family kerriidae genus kerria species. A secretion of lac scale insect laccifer lacca kerr has been used for extraction of lac color, an orange or a red color. We characterized the isolated compound be uv, ir, nmr and mass spectrometry. The processed resin, which are in the form of light brown flakes, are mixed with alcohol, producing a liquid. The lac insect, kerria laccifer lacca kerr belongs to the order hemiptera. Kerria lacca family lacciferidae coccidae resinous protective secretion coating agent in tablets, microencapsulation, control release preparation, in cosmetics binding agent for lipstick, lacquers, nail polishes, eye shadows. These four laccaic acids contain a structure of phenolconjugated anthraquinone, and the side chain linked to the phenol part specify each type of laccaic acid. Tropical broadleaved evergreen and mixed, partially evergreen forests grow in areas with high precipitation. It is often unclear as to whether the insect is killed in the process of commercially obtaining shellac as the resin is left by the insect on various plants.
The alimentary canal, its appendages, salivary glands and the nervous system of the adult female lac insect, laccifer lacca, kerr coccidae volume 25 issue 4 p. Unlimited viewing of the articlechapter pdf and any associated supplements and figures. Gene expression and transmission in kerria lacca kerr. Ty jour ti a supplementary list of the host plants of lac insects laccifer lacca t2 the journal of the bombay natural history society. Botanical description it is a mediumsized to large deciduous or nearly evergreen tree, up to 40 m in height, and 23. It has a reddish or darkbrown colour with a disagreeable smell. Identification of the substancemixture and of the companyundertaking. Hence it is important to know t diversified uses in medicaments as well as in commercial industries. Paper open access traditional cultivation of laccifer. The processed resin, which, in the form of light brown flakes, are mixed with alcohol, producing a liquid. Discovery of lac insects laccifer lacca opens new era of integrated rural development in jammu. The flora of india largely reflect the countrys distribution of rainfall.
Kerria lacca is a species of insect in the family kerriidae, the lac insects. Pdf discovery of lac insects laccifer lacca opens new. Laccifer lacca kerr ll has widely been used as pigmenting, dying and coloring agent in chemical industry. Being sapsuckers, these insects inflict damage to some plants as well1. The fresh collections in china were compared with k. Page 1 of 6 shellac flakes cas no 9000593 material safety data sheet sdsmsds section 1.
Although, it has wide range of industrial applications, but unfortunately, due to. Allium cepa, lac laccifer lacca and turmeric curcuma longa and to evalu ate the fastness properties of the dyed substrates dyed with the same. Close to 100 species of coccoids, grouped as lac insects, produce an oleoresin, better known as the shellac. Shellaca resin purified from the secretion of lac insects, laccifer laccais one of the widely used natural materials in foods, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics industry as a coating, glazing, and filmforming agent debeaufort et al. It is the secretion of a beetle, and is the raw material used to make shellac. Thousands of lac insects colonize the branches of the host trees and secrete the resinous pigment. Government research scholar, department of zoology, lucknow university, india. Shellaca resin purified from the secretion of lac insects, laccifer laccais one of the widely used natural materials in foods, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics. On the postembryonic development of the female lac insect, laccifer lacca, kerr hemcoccidae volume 21 issue 4 awadh behari misra skip to main content we use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. The indian lac insect laccifer lacca is important commercially.
Part of the mouth specifically modified to pierce plant tissue and suck up liquid 1. The outermost dry papery skins of onion are the best source of the color, which contain flavonoid quercetol, kaempferol, quercetin3glucoside and some tannin. Shellac is a resin secreted by an insect called the lac bug laccifer lacca kerr coccidae. Right click on pdf icon to save target file to your computer. On the postembryonic development of the female lac insect. Evaluation of photomutagenicity and photocytotoxicity of. In 1982, the genus laccifer was synonymized with kerria and this has generally been accepted in accordance with taxonomic studies in india varshney 1976. It is also unique material in as much as it is the only resin of animal origin, beingactually the secretion of a tiny insect, laccifer lacca. Pdf file click here for printable worksheet shellac is a nontoxic, natural finish, produced from processed resin, that is secreted from the forest inhabiting insect, laccifer lacca, found from india to the far east. Enhancement of bloody fingerprints on nonporous surfaces. Comparison of stability of red colorants from natural. Methods of processing of lac laccifer lacca kerr described in unani.
On the internal anatomy of the female lac insect, laccifer lacca. Laksha is a kind of resin that is produced when the laccifer lacca lac beetle makes its home in ficus, palas, kusum schleichera oleosa and ber ziziphus mauritiana trees. Free fulltext pdf articles from hundreds of disciplines, all in one place evaluation of photomutagenicity and photocytotoxicity of food coloring agents pdf paperity toggle navigation. It is the secretion from a scale insect belonging to the genus laccifer hemiptera. These insects feed on the saps of host trees, such as kul, sissoo, peepal, palash etc. Laccifer lacca insects included in the order hemiptera, family tachardiidae kerriidae, and insects included in this order are characterized by the mandible and maxillae modified into stylet, covered in labium modified to form beaks or rostrum. Rearing of lac insects for commercial production of the lac is called as lac culture. The females are globular in form and live on twigs in cells of resin created by exudations of lac. Lac is generally obtained by crushing, sieving and washing of sticklac. Of the many species of lac insect, laccifer lacca, tachardia lacca is the commercially cultured lac insect. Later green 1922 and chatterjee 1915 called the ac insect as tachardia lacca kerr. A number of species of lac insects are known, of this laccifer lacca is by far the most important and produces the bulk of the lac for commerce.